Exploring the Cultural Significance of Kunlun in Chinese Civilization

Nestled within the vast expanse of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau lies a remarkable stone that has offered scholars new insights into the early narratives of Chinese history. Known as the Garitang Keshi or the "Garitang Engraved Stone," this relic dates back to the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-206 BC) and is a testament to the ancient imperial pursuits led by Emperor Qinshihuang, who famously sought the elixir of life in the mystical Kunlun Mountains.

The Historical Context

Archaeologists have deemed the Garitang Engraved Stone a geographical anchor for Kunlun, primarily due to its inscription, which places this legendary location near the Yellow River's origin. This connection not only underscores the importance of geographic elements in China's cultural tapestry but also highlights the exchanges that occurred between the Central Plains and the plateau over 2,200 years ago. This series of findings illustrates how the stone stands as a symbol of cultural interconnectedness shaped by ethnic exchanges throughout history.

The Kunlun Legacy

The Kunlun Mountains hold a revered place in Chinese mythology and history, often characterized as the "Ancestor of Ten Thousand Mountains." They are woven into the fabric of ancient narratives, depicted as a celestial abode for deities, a gateway to immortality, and a source of eternal wisdom. Sacred texts like the Shan Hai Jing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas), which spans more than two millennia, recount the sacred geography and various mythical beings that reside in the wilderness, thus fueling artistic expression and cultural appreciation over centuries.

Sculptor Qiu Qijing reflects on his journey inspired by the Shan Hai Jing, expressing that his artistic endeavors focused on the mythical creatures detailed in the text began with a chance encounter with traditional painting albums in 2012. This sparked an ongoing exploration of the ancient wisdom encapsulated in these stories and prompted him to create large-scale sculptures representing divine beings.

Cultural Symbolism of Kunlun

As Wu Xinhua, a seasoned researcher from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, articulates, Kunlun transcends the physicality of mountains. It is arguably situated at the intersection of cultural identity and the spiritual essence of Chinese civilization. Most major civilizations stem from river valleys, with mountains and rivers worshiped for their abundance. However, Kunlun's narrative centers uniquely on its symbolic nature, portraying it as a cultural narrative deeply rooted in the cosmic order and the conception of "all under heaven."

This cultural landscape has shaped the Chinese civilization's ethical and spiritual values, reflecting a deep historical continuity through its myths, philosophical underpinnings, and geographical significance. The narratives surrounding figures such as Pangu, Gonggong, and Nüwa—all included in the Shan Hai Jing—embody the spirit of perseverance intrinsic to the Chinese identity. As worlds shift and evolve, these stories remind us of the resilience and courage embedded within the cultural consciousness.

The Fluid Geography of Kunlun

What is fascinating about Kunlun is its fluid geographic representation throughout history. The coordinates of Kunlun are not fixed; they have migrated from early locations such as the Qinling Mountains to the more recognized Pamir Plateau over the centuries. It has served as a conceptual cornerstone of the universe's 'center' during the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, prompting discussions regarding its influence on a civilization's boundaries and cultural origins.

The Garitang Engraved Stone, established during the time of Qinshihuang, serves as ample evidence of these early inquiries into the source of the Yellow River and the mythical Kunlun. Following the Han Dynasty, the state's designation of Kunlun began to embody more than just geographical relevance; it morphed into a symbol of national unity and cultural hegemony over eras, influencing the trajectories of trade and cultural exchange along the historic Silk Road.

The Essence of Kunlun Culture

To study Kunlun is to delve into China's unique cosmology—its interpretation of the universe's structure, the relationship between heaven and earth, and the continuity of life interconnected with nature. The enduring significance of Kunlun resonates as a symbol of national soul, encapsulating the vitality of Chinese civilization amidst change.

This fascination with Kunlun has led to burgeoning interest beyond academic circles, manifesting as dialogues that connect various world civilizations while fostering a renewed understanding of cultural history. Jidi Majia, director of the Poetry Committee of the China Writers Association, emphasizes that the Garitang Engraved Stone corroborates the continued cultural journey that modernity seeks to enlighten.

The exploration of Kunlun not only represents an appreciation for historical narratives; it embodies a desire for cultural roots and nationalistic spirit relevant to contemporary society. As people continue to draw inspiration from Kunlun, it remains a profound emotional anchor, a spiritual refuge, and a vital part of China's cultural heritage, forever etched in the landscape and hearts of its people.