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G20 Summit Makes History in Africa

The recent G20 summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, marked a groundbreaking moment as it was the first time the leaders of the world's largest economies convened on the African continent. This significant event not only highlights the changing dynamics of global governance but also emphasizes China's call for unity among nations instead of division.

For the first time since its inception, the G20 summit brought together heads of state and government in Africa from November 22-23, 2025. Chinese Premier Li Qiang, in his inaugural speech at the summit, echoed the sentiments of President Xi Jinping from the 17th G20 summit, stating, “Unity is strength, while division leads to dead ends.” In a world marked by geopolitical tensions and growing disparities, the call for unity was seen as a crucial imperative.

Strengthening the Voice of Developing Countries

China has underscored the importance of amplifying the voices of developing nations in the contemporary multilateral system. Premier Li highlighted that developing countries should no longer remain sidelined in global decision-making processes. This summit significantly showcased how emerging economies are increasingly taking center stage rather than being mere observers.

China has been unwavering in its commitment to support the Global South, as stated by President Xi, who affirmed, “No matter how the international situation evolves, we will always keep the Global South at heart.” Under Xi’s leadership, China has taken significant strides to enhance the representation of developing countries in international politics, advocating for a more equitable global order.

In 2022, at the G20 summit in Bali, Indonesia, China played a pivotal role in facilitating the African Union's inclusion into the G20. This landmark endorsement has ensured that Africa now has a permanent voice at the negotiating table—an essential shift from being an afterthought.

Beyond the G20: China's Broader Engagement Strategies

China's initiatives extend well beyond the G20 framework. The nation actively supported the historical expansion of BRICS, enhancing its role and making it a vital platform for collaborations among emerging economies. Furthermore, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has evolved into a key regional platform uniting states across the Eurasian expanse.

Additionally, China and a coalition of over 30 countries initiated the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed), effectively challenging the Western monopoly in dispute resolution mechanisms.

As an integral part of its commitment to developing nations, China has expanded its partnership initiatives, establishing ten frameworks of collaboration with African nations, five major projects in Latin America, and another five partnerships with Arab states, aiming to bolster the agency and influence of the Global South in international affairs.

Commitment to an Open Global Economy

In an era where unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, Xi urges the necessity of practicing true multilateralism as a solution to these challenges. Consistent with this, the Chinese President has reiterated that China will uphold a fundamental state policy of openness while actively promoting an open global economy.

China has championed international trade and has finalized 23 free trade agreements with 30 countries or regions. Regionally, China has advocated for economic integration through an expanding network of trade agreements, including enhanced arrangements with ASEAN and the implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Moreover, its aspirations for membership in more extensive frameworks like the CPTPP signify a move towards higher standards and interconnected markets.

Infrastructure investments and development projects also form part of China's strategy to foster openness. Through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and financial institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank, Beijing has supported cross-border infrastructure, viewed by many developing countries as a conduit to growth and trade opportunities.

In conclusion, the first G20 summit in Africa not only symbolizes a crucial turning point in global governance but also showcases China's dedication to fostering unity and inclusivity among nations. President Xi's resolute stance on amplifying the voices of developing countries, combined with active participation in international fora, illustrates a commitment to building a fairer and more balanced global economy.