#San Jose #Costa Rica #PROCOMER #Export Growth

The Transformation of Costa Rica's Export Model

Costa Rica has undergone a significant transformation in its export sector over the past four decades. Since the early 1980s, when the country primarily exported four traditional products, it has expanded to include more than 4,000 goods and services, reaching nearly 150 international markets by 2024. This remarkable evolution is detailed in a recent study conducted by the Costa Rican Trade Promotion Agency (PROCOMER), highlighting one of the most profound productive transformations in the country’s economic history.

An Impressive Growth Rate

The analysis reveals that Costa Rican exports have increased with an average annual growth rate of 8% from 2014 to 2024. During this period, there has been a marked structural shift in the composition of export offerings. Currently, 84% of the macro sector for industrial goods belongs to advanced manufacturing, while knowledge-intensive services account for 58% of exports within this segment. This shift reflects a transition toward activities requiring greater sophistication, specialized talents, and adherence to international standards.

A Boon for Employment

Furthermore, the study highlights the far-reaching impacts of foreign trade on employment. By 2024, exports are projected to create over 709,000 jobs, with women making up 43% of the total workforce involved in export activities. Notably, this export-driven growth does not only concentrate in urban centers; nearly 19% of export activity takes place beyond metropolitan areas. These figures reinforce the notion that the advantages of export growth are spread across various regions of the country.

As explained by Laura López, CEO of PROCOMER, the development of the nation's exports is a result of sustainable decisions and a shared vision between the public and private sectors. "The evolution from just four main export products in the early 1980s to more than 4,000 today demonstrates an economy that has learned to adapt, innovate, and compete in increasingly demanding markets. This study illustrates how diversification broadens opportunities, creates jobs, and strengthens economic development in all regions of the country."

A Historical Perspective

Historically, the document illustrates how Costa Rica has gradually reduced its reliance on traditional exports. In the late 1980s, more than 90% of exports were comprised of traditional goods. Today, that pattern has reversed, with a significant dominance of non-traditional exports associated with advanced manufacturing, differentiated agro-industry, and specialized services. This shift has allowed the country to expand its export portfolio and more effectively respond to international demand.

Expanding Export Markets

The diversification of products has coincided with a continuous expansion of export markets. The study notes that Costa Rica maintains a robust presence in North America, Europe, Asia, and Latin America, with positive outcomes in regions that demand higher value-added goods and services. While the United States remains the country’s primary export destination, the growth recorded in Europe (+18%) and Asia (+39%) as of September 2025 emphasizes the importance of a strategy focused on market expansion and reduced concentration.

Embracing New Opportunities

The analysis identifies opportunities related to nearshoring, digitalization, the shift toward clean energy, and the growth of knowledge-based services—areas in which Costa Rica already possesses established capabilities. In this context, the study concludes that the country is entering a new phase of export development, characterized by a broader and more differentiated production base and improved conditions to meet the demands of international trade in the coming years.

Costa Rica’s ability to adapt over four decades serves as a testament to its resilience and innovative spirit, setting an inspiring example for other nations looking to diversify their economies.