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The Literary Legacy: Celebrating the Translation of Anti-Fascist Literature

As we enter the year 2025, a significant milestone approaches—the 80th anniversary of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the global fight against fascism. This period of history resonates powerfully today, reminding us of the precarious balance between peace and conflict. The translation and circulation of both Chinese wartime literature and foreign literary works from this era highlight a common desire for peace and the rich interconnectedness of global literature.

Chinese Anti-Fascist Literature: A Reflection of National Consciousness

Among the notable literary figures of the 1930s, Xiao Hong emerges as a pivotal voice. Her novel, The Field of Life and Death, stands as a powerful indictment of the Japanese invasion. Initially published in 1935, this work has become an enduring symbol of national dignity and a hallmark of modern Chinese literature. Lu Xun, another revered author, celebrated her unique narrative style and its profound observations of the human experience during adversity.

The interest in Xiao Hong's work expanded internationally thanks to US sinologist Howard Goldblatt. In the 1970s, he dedicated his research to her literature, shedding light on her contributions and bringing her works to the attention of Western audiences. The publication of Hsiao Hung, a comprehensive study of her writings, was pivotal in crafting her legacy within the international literary community.

One of the most notable studies of The Field of Life and Death comes from German sinologist Wolfgang Kubin. He emphasizes the novel's symbolic power and the vivid imagery through which Xiao Hong addresses the brutality of war. This narrative's strength even transcended literature, inspiring a stage adaptation that debuted in China and later toured South Korea, captivating audiences.

Xiao Hong's The Field of Life and Death focuses on rural life, while Four Generations Under One Roof by Lao She shifts the narrative to an urban setting. This longer work explores the impact of war in Japanese-occupied Beijing, showcasing civilian resilience and the hope for cultural revival. Notably, Lao She played an active role in bringing his message to English-speaking audiences, collaborating with translator Ida Pruitt to ensure the integrity of his story.

Pruitt, born to missionary parents in China, had a deep-rooted commitment to advocating for China’s struggle. Their collaborative efforts resulted in the English version of Four Generations Under One Roof, published in 1951 and praised for its universal appeal and poignant perspective.

The Interplay of Foreign Literature and Anti-Fascist Sentiments

As these Chinese works took their place in the literary landscape, so too did anti-fascist literature from abroad resonate within China. One notable example is John Steinbeck's The Moon Is Down. This anti-war novel, published in 1942, tells the story of a small town's resistance against German forces. The themes found in Steinbeck's narrative echoed familiar sentiments to many Chinese readers, leading to its rapid translation and popularity.

The cultural exchange continued with Soviet anti-fascist literature. Writers like Boris Vasilyev produced gripping accounts of wartime heroism, contributing significantly to the genre. His novella, The Dawns Here Are Quiet, became especially popular in China, showcasing the sacrifices made by female soldiers. The work has maintained its relevance, undergoing multiple adaptations and reintroducing the story to new generations.

In addition to these works, the infusion of German literature, such as Günter Grass’s The Tin Drum, into the Chinese literary sphere exemplifies the global narratives at play during this tumultuous time. Grass’s poignant descriptions of the impacts of war and individual trauma captivated Chinese readers, paving the way for broader discussions on morality and war. Similarly, Thomas Keneally's Schindler's Ark, based on true events, has sparked interest and reflection, highlighting the moral complexities faced during wartime.

Concluding Thoughts on Translated Legacies

These various instances of literary translation serve not merely as stories of war but as profound reflections on humanity and shared experiences. The ongoing dialogue between Chinese and foreign anti-fascist literature illustrates the timeless nature of these themes and their relevance to contemporary society. As we commemorate this historical anniversary, let us honor the literary voices that have traversed borders, carrying messages of resilience and hope across generations.