#Saudi Arabia #Riyadh #biodiversity #Prince Mohammed bin Salman #new species

Significant Discoveries at Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve

In a groundbreaking announcement, the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve in Saudi Arabia has revealed the discovery of five species previously unknown to science. This significant find includes two reptiles and three plants, showcasing the rich biodiversity that the Reserve harbors within its comparatively small area.

Over four years of rigorous field research have led to the identification of a striking gecko (Hemidactylus sp.), characterized by its distinctive brown stripes and white nodules, alongside the Hejaz black-collared snake (Rhynchocalamus hejazicus). The latter is a small, non-venomous snake marked by a bright red body and a unique black collar.

The Reserve also recorded three plant species new to science. These are:
1. Globe thistle (Echinops sp. aff. glaberrimus): This vibrant flowering plant is known to support pollinators and is a vital component of a healthy ecosystem. Historically, it has also served medicinal purposes.
2. Mignonette (Reseda sp. aff. muricata): Renowned for its herbal qualities, mignonette is often utilized in teas and perfumery.
3. Hogbean (Hyoscyamus sp.): Notable for its complex history, it has been used in both toxic contexts and early medical practices.

These exciting findings are part of a broader effort to document and protect Saudi Arabia's unique ecosystems. The Reserve, which comprises just 1% of the country's terrestrial area, is home to more than half of its terrestrial species. With a total of 791 documented species now residing in the reserve, this region continues to emerge as a critical refuge for biodiversity, particularly in the face of climate change.

Andrew Zaloumis, the Reserve's CEO, emphasized the urgency of these discoveries against the backdrop of global species extinction concerns, highlighting the importance of the Reserve as a bioclimatic refuge. He noted the collaborative efforts between Saudi and international scientists that facilitated the extensive surveys conducted over four years. These multi-season surveys have not only identified new species but also extended the known global range for 34 other species, affirming the area's ecological significance.

The ecological diversity of the Reserve is further exemplified by its well-known site, Wadi Al-Disah, which boasts over 200 species and is recognized on the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list for Bioclimatic Refugia of Western Arabia. This evidence of biological richness reinforces the critical role of the Reserve in biodiversity conservation strategies.

Since 2021, the Reserve has partnered with organizations like KAUST to carry out seasonal ecological studies, compiling comprehensive records that not only document species variations but also frame our understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Thus far, their research has cataloged:

• - 461 plant species (including the new findings)
• - 240 bird species (with seven global range extensions)
• - 39 reptile species
• - 18 species of bats
• - 31 rodent and large mammal species, among others.

Josh Smithson, Senior Advisor Wildlife Ecologist at the Reserve, spoke about their methods aimed at establishing a robust ecological baseline. This phased approach has allowed them to tackle the challenges presented by the Reserve’s vastness, progressively expanding their observational sites to inform management strategies that ensure the continued health and functionality of the Reserve's ecosystems.

Recognizing the pivotal role of research in sustainable conservation, the Reserve has published four peer-reviewed studies on its biodiversity, with several more in the pipeline. This commitment to sharing findings underscores their dedication not only to local environmental sustainability but also to global conservation efforts.

The Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, encompassing over 24,500 km², integrates seamlessly into Saudi Arabia's wider sustainability initiatives. This includes the reintroduction of 23 native species, including the iconic Arabian leopard and cheetah, which are key to a comprehensive rewilding program aimed at restoring ecological balance to this diverse region. The Reserve stands as a beacon of biodiversity preservation and conservation, exemplifying the nation's commitment to protecting its natural heritage for future generations.

Conclusion
These remarkable discoveries at the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve highlight the ecological richness of this region and the critical role it plays in global biodiversity efforts. Continued research and conservation will be essential as we strive to understand and protect our planet's natural resources amidst the growing threats posed by climate change.

The work being done in the Reserve not only enriches our scientific knowledge but also sets a framework for future conservation initiatives both within and beyond the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.