Innovative PCR Method Improves Detection of Fecal Contamination in Water Sources

Towards Better Hygiene Standards



Detecting microbial contamination in our water sources is critical for public health, especially concerning fecal contamination that often originates from sewage overflows or stormwater runoff. Conventional testing methods generally use fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), like E. coli, which, while economical and straightforward, struggle to identify low-level contamination effectively.

In a pioneering move, researchers from Chungnam National University in Daejeon, South Korea, have developed an innovative method that employs polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for microbial source tracking (MST) targeted specifically at human feces in various water bodies, including those in treatment plants. This advancement promises a more accurate identification of contaminants, enhancing our ability to track fecal pollution effectively.

MST offers a promising alternative approach by detecting specific biomarkers, such as DNA segments or proteins, that indicate contamination from particular host species. Researchers have identified crAss-like phages (CLPs), a unique group of viruses that predominantly infect bacteria, as key MST markers. These phages are notably abundant in the human gut and are primarily found within human intestines and feces.

The recent study, published in the journal Water Research, underscores the necessity of improving fecal contamination detection methods for public health safety. The research team successfully tested their method by collecting human fecal samples from selected volunteers, extracting DNA, and sequencing to identify specific CLP viral genes. They reported the discovery of 13 distinct groups of CLPs present in human gut viruses, leading to the development of specific PCR markers for detection purposes.

Remarkably, the new detection method identified CLPs in 91.52% of human fecal samples, whereas none were found in animal samples except for raccoons, affirming the specificity of the method to human waste. Among the groups discovered, genus VI showed a remarkable presence in 64.4% of the samples, almost double that of genus I, which was present in only 37.28%.

Dr. Ok Kyung Koo, a key researcher on the project, emphasized the significance of genus VI as a potent MST marker for the Korean population. The ability to utilize PCR for monitoring CLPs, particularly genus VI or even genus I, represents a practical enhancement to our approach towards identifying human fecal contamination in water systems.

The implications of such a technology are profound, as specific MST markers like CLPs could play a crucial role in shaping hygiene regulations globally, ultimately helping to reduce potential health risks associated with contaminated water sources. The study provides a vital step forward in advancing public health measures and ensuring safer water quality.

For more information about the study, please refer to the academic publication titled Development of a novel crAss-like phage detection method with a broad spectrum for microbial source tracking featured in Water Research. The DOI for further reference is 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122330.

About Chungnam National University


Chungnam National University (CNU), established in 1952 and located in Daejeon, South Korea, is a premier institution recognized for its commitment to high-quality research and education. With an extensive range of programs, CNU is situated near Daedeok Innopolis, a significant research and development hub, thus fostering collaboration and innovation in various fields, including biotechnology and materials science. The university continues to attract a diverse global community of students, positioning itself at the forefront of academic excellence.

For more details about CNU, visit the official website.

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