#China #Aquaculture #Deqing Pearl System #GIAHS #Deqing

Introduction

On May 19, 2025, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) revealed that the Zhejiang Deqing Freshwater Pearl Mussel Composite Fishery System, renowned as the 'Deqing Pearl System,' has officially been included in the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) for 2025. This achievement marks a significant milestone as it is recognized as China's first world-renowned agricultural cultural heritage in the domain of aquaculture.

Historical Context

Deqing, located in Zhejiang province, has a long-standing history in the field of freshwater pearl farming, with records dating back to the Southern Song Dynasty. This region has been pivotal in developing artificial freshwater pearl cultivation techniques. The unique system of farming in Deqing showcases a harmonious relationship between aquaculture and environmental stewardship.

Ecological Innovations

Within Deqing's aquaculture practices, the water stays clear as fish glide effortlessly and mussels nestle comfortably. The ecosystem thrives as leftover fish feed and excrement nourish plankton algae, which in turn sustain the pearl-bearing mussels while helping purify the water. Aicha Bammoun, an FAO expert, described the Deqing Pearl System as a perfect example of merging agricultural wisdom with modern conservation strategies, showcasing the continuous vitality of Chinese agricultural civilization.

Economic Impact

In recent years, Deqing has made remarkable strides by promoting a comprehensive 'pearl+' industry integration that emphasizes the entire cultivation, processing, and marketing chain around freshwater pearls. Today, the pearl processing sector in Deqing reaches an impressive annual output value exceeding 7 billion yuan, which represents a significant fraction of the national total and supports the livelihoods of close to 20,000 individuals.

Research and Development

The journey toward recognizing this innovative aquaculture heritage began in the late 1970s with systematic research focusing on the origins and improvements in freshwater pearl farming techniques. After decades of literature research and extensive field surveys, the region yielded noteworthy findings, including documentation evidencing the large-scale cultivation methods of artificial pearls in ancient China. The significance of these efforts culminated in June 2017 when the system was designated as China's Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

Global Recognition

In September 2017, Deqing formally applied for the GIAHS designation. Following its addition to the GIAHS Preparatory List in 2019, FAO experts conducted an on-site assessment in April 2025, leading to its confirmed inclusion. Min Qingwen, head of the Expert Committee on GIAHS, stated that being China’s first GIAHS project in aquaculture is not just a feather in the cap for Deqing but also a gateway for showcasing traditional Chinese agricultural wisdom on the global platform.

The Road Ahead

The recognition of the Deqing Pearl System is seen as the foundation for future endeavors to explore and promote its unparalleled value. Experts emphasize the importance of continuous innovation and sustainability practices in nurturing the ecological heritage and economic benefits derived from this unique aquaculture approach. As Deqing positions itself on the world stage, its journey underscores the essential fusion of tradition, innovation, and ecological conservation that ensures the prosperity of its agricultural heritage.

Conclusion

The inclusion of the Deqing Pearl System into the GIAHS not only elevates the status of Deqing’s aquaculture heritage but also sets a precedent for other regions aiming to merge traditional practices with modern sustainability efforts. As the world increasingly values ecological balance, the lessons learned from Deqing's rich agricultural history highlight the potential for growth and global collaboration in maintaining agricultural diversity that benefits both people and the planet.