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Unveiling Australia's New Quantum Computing Supply Chain

In an impressive collaboration, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), RIKEN, and NEC Corporation joined forces with Fujitsu to outline a roadmap for large-scale quantum computer systems. The first step in this initiative was the release of a technical report focused on the superconducting supply chain, which highlights essential technologies and challenges in developing a robust quantum computing infrastructure.

Current State and Challenges of Quantum Computing

The report comes at a critical juncture, as the practical application and scaling of quantum computers depend heavily on the enhancement of surrounding devices, parts, and materials, alongside the establishment of a reliable supply chain. Japan possesses strengths in electronics, specifically within the domain of devices, components, and materials. However, the current lack of clarity surrounding the technical specifications of quantum computer systems acts as a barrier to entry, especially for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) that might be interested in entering the market.

In-depth discussions and research have led to the creation of a clearly defined technical specification for these systems. By providing comprehensive insights into system requirements and necessary devices, the report encourages active participation from a wider range of industries, including those beyond traditional quantum fields.

Technical Insights from the Report

This newly released report elucidates critical aspects of superconducting quantum computer systems. It identifies essential technologies and the specifications necessary for the development of these systems. These technologies include signal amplifiers, cables, connectors, high-frequency components, dilution refrigerators, and control systems.

A survey from two years ago indicated that many components and mechanisms integral to superconducting quantum computers were developed by Japanese companies, showcasing Japan's prowess in this technological arena. Out of the notable contributors, Japanese firms supplied 31 types of components, compared to 29 types from the USA and four from Germany.

However, while this gives Japan an advantage, many of these components are characterized by high technical entry barriers, creating a choke point for latecomers to the market. Notably, many components drawn from non-quantum industries, such as communication systems, can be reconfigured to serve quantum needs. Government and research institutions' support in reducing size, increasing density, and improving energy efficiency of these elements stands to solve some significant hurdles posed by large-scale quantum computing.

For instance, to read and control quantum bits, microwave transmission lines are predominantly used, often employing coaxial cables. Yet, as we strive for large-scale integration of quantum bits, we need to increase the count of these microwave transmission lines, leading to increased implementation areas and heat loads. Thus, innovations in larger, more efficient dilution refrigerators, flat cable designs, and multi-pin connectors are necessary technological developments on the horizon.

Gathering Necessary Research Elements

To address these integration challenges, researchers have collected data about potential manufacturing or development partners both domestically and overseas. They’ve also sourced insights from discussions at various national and international conferences dedicated to quantum computing. This data collection exercise will identify the research elements required to successfully achieve a cluster of 1,000 or more quantum bits.

By establishing a comprehensive technical report that clearly defines development requirements, the researchers aim to encourage strategic investments in the quantum computing landscape.

Future Directions

In addition to the superconducting method, this initiative will explore other quantum computation methodologies, such as optical qubits, neutral atoms, and ion traps. This involves examining common components and materials that may bridge into non-quantum industry applications, using insights gained to foster a thriving and resilient supply chain.

Research Development Structure

• - Research Theme: Roadmap creation for large-scale quantum computer systems and enhancing supply chain resilience
• - Lead Researcher: Moritaro Kon, AIST
• - Collaborative Institutions: RIKEN, NEC Corporation, Fujitsu

This endeavor marks a pivotal step in Japan's strategy to bolster its quantum computing industry, thus enabling new players to join the market effectively. For more information, click here.